Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. 

   There has always been a problem with teachers being from a different generation to their pupils, particularly older educators. But the dominance of digital technology has spread that generation gap even wider, as young people become conversant with mobile digital devices, games and social media that didn’t exist when their teachers were growing up. Teachers now face pupils using devices and online systems that they don’t use themselves, and don’t really understand either. The generation gap is more prevalent than ever, but teachers can bridge that gap if they receive the right guidance with appropriate technology.

   Some schools and teachers have particular trouble grasping the role of social media and mobile devices in teenage life. They consider Facebook a threat and warn parents against it at parent-teacher evenings, without realizing that preventing teenagers from using social media like this, or messaging apps such as Snapchat and Instagram, is nearly impossible. Online social media and network gaming are now such an integral part of teenage behavior that any attempt to prize the mobile devices out of the hands of young people is likely to widen the generation gap rather than narrow it. 

   The generation gap in education isn’t just between pupils and teachers – it exists within the staffroom, too. A teaching career can span more than 40 years, and those towards the end of their working life will not have grown up with digital technology, whereas teaching staff in their 20s and 30s could well be “digital natives”. 

   Keeping up with the latest online trend is like a dog chasing its tail; every time you think you’ve caught up, kids move on. However, it’s not beneficial to get fixated on how young people are using social networks that are, in the case of Snapchat, hard for the older generation to understand. The key factor to consider is that today’s school students now take for granted that a lot of their communication with their peers will be online, and predominantly using smartphones and other mobile devices. Young people expect their educational experience to be similarly interactive, and partially delivered via these kinds of devices. 

(Adapted from https://www.alphr.com/) 

Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35. 

   Australia is suffering from one of its worst fire seasons in history, with more than two dozen people killed, thousands of homes destroyed, and millions of acres burned so far. Unfortunately, fires like this, exacerbated by the effects of climate change, will likely rage again, but Australia’s government can take steps to minimize their destruction. 

   With warming temperatures, Australia will face longer fire seasons. To reduce future damage, governments at all levels must act. Areas of focus should include enhancing early warning systems and fire prediction capabilities; launching public awareness campaigns on the dangers posed by climate-fueled bushfires and necessary prevention measures; conducting more controlled burns; and developing more stringent building codes that address climate risk. 

   At the state and local levels, communities need to professionalize their firefighting capabilities. They should invest in improved training that educates firefighters and local leaders about the changing characteristics of bushfires. And, once this fire season subsides, states should oversee how and where rebuilding occurs, including restricting redevelopment of particularly fire-prone areas. 

(Adapted from https://www.cfr.org/) 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of stress in each of the following questions.

Linda is talking to Brown after knowing the results. Linda passed her test with flying colors.

- Brown: “Sincere congratulations on your hard-earned success.”

- Linda: “________________”

“What did you do on your vacation last year?” Tung said to Ha.

Mary and her husband often went out together every weekend.

He never seems to be serious when talking with me. He is always trying to ________.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30. 

   The latest addiction to trap thousands of people is Internet, (26) _____ has been blamed for broken relationships, job losses, financial ruin and even one suicide. Psychologists now recognize Internet Addiction Syndrome (IAS) as a new illness that could (27) _____ serious problems and ruin many lives. Special help groups have been set up to offer sufferers help and support. 

   IAS is similar to (28) _____ problems like gambling, smoking and drinking; addicts have dreams about Internet; they need to use it first thing in the morning; they lie to their partners about how much time they spend online; they wish they could cut down, but are unable to do so. A recent study found that many users spend up to 40 hours a week on the Internet; (29) _____ they felt guilty, they became depressed if they were made to stop using it. 

   Almost anyone can be at risk. Some of the addicts are teenagers who are already hooked on computer games and who (30) _____ it very difficult to resist the games on the Internet.